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六、健全城乡发展一体化体制机制 VI. Improving Mechanisms and Institutions for Integrated Development of Urban and Rural Areas 城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍。必须健全体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系，让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果。 The urban-rural dual structure is a main obstacle to the integrated development of urban and rural areas. We must improve the mechanisms and institutions to form new relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and urban and rural areas achieve integrated development, so that the overwhelming majority of farmers can participate in the modernization process on an equal basis and share the fruits of modernization. （20）加快构建新型农业经营体系。坚持家庭经营在农业中的基础性地位，推进家庭经营、集体经营、合作经营、企业经营等共同发展的农业经营方式创新。坚持农村土地集体所有权，依法维护农民土地承包经营权，发展壮大集体经济。稳定农村土地承包关系并保持长久不变，在坚持和完善最严格的耕地保护制度前提下，赋予农民对承包地占有、使用、收益、流转及承包经营权抵押、担保权能，允许农民以承包经营权入股发展农业产业化经营。鼓励承包经营权在公开市场上向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业流转，发展多种形式规模经营。 20. Accelerating the building of a new type of agricultural operation system. We will maintain the fundamental status of family operation in agriculture, advancing the innovation of an agricultural operation model featuring the joint development of family operation, collective operation, cooperative operation and enterprise operation. We will maintain the collective ownership of rural land, protect farmers’ contracted land-use rights by law, and boost the collective economy. We will stabilize rural land-contracting relationships which will remain unchanged for a long time to come. On the premise of upholding and improving the system for providing the strictest possible protection for farmland, we will endow farmers with the rights to land tenure, land use, land revenue, land transfer and mortgage and guarantee of contracted land use, and allow farmers to develop industrialized operation of agriculture by becoming shareholders using their contracted land-use right. We will encourage the transfer of contractedland-use right to big, specialized operators, family farms, farmers’ cooperatives and agricultural enterprises, so as to develop large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms. 鼓励农村发展合作经济，扶持发展规模化、专业化、现代化经营，允许财政项目资金直接投向符合条件的合作社，允许财政补助形成的资产转交合作社持有和管护，允许合作社开展信用合作。鼓励和引导工商资本到农村发展适合企业化经营的现代种养业，向农业输入现代生产要素和经营模式。 We will encourage rural areas to develop the cooperative economy, support large-scale, specialized and modernized operations. We will allow qualified cooperatives to receive fiscal funds from the government, to hold and manage assets formed from fiscal subsidies, and to engage in credit cooperation. We will encourage and guide industrial and commercial capital to invest in rural areas to develop modern planting and breeding industries suited for commercialized management, and introduce modern factors of production and operation models into agriculture. （21）赋予农民更多财产权利。保障农民集体经济组织成员权利，积极发展农民股份合作，赋予农民对集体资产股份占有、收益、有偿退出及抵押、担保、继承权。保障农户宅基地用益物权，改革完善农村宅基地制度，选择若干试点，慎重稳妥推进农民住房财产权抵押、担保、转让，探索农民增加财产性收入渠道。建立农村产权流转交易市场，推动农村产权流转交易公开、公正、规范运行。 21. Endowing farmers with more property rights. We will safeguard the rights and interests of farmers as members of collective economic organizations, vigorously promote farmers’ joint-stock partnerships, grant farmers the rights to possess, profit from, pull out with compensation, mortgage, guarantee and inherit shares of collective assets. We will ensure rural households’ usufruct of their homestead, and improve the rural homestead system through reform. We will select several pilot areas to steadily and prudently push forward the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ residential property rights, and expand the channels for farmers to increase their property income. We will set up a rural property rights transfer market, and promote the open, fair and procedure-based operation of rural property rights transfer. （22）推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置。维护农民生产要素权益，保障农民工同工同酬，保障农民公平分享土地增值收益，保障金融机构农村存款主要用于农业农村。健全农业支持保护体系，改革农业补贴制度，完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制。完善农业保险制度。鼓励社会资本投向农村建设，允许企业和社会组织在农村兴办各类事业。统筹城乡基础设施建设和社区建设，推进城乡基本公共服务均等化。 22. Promoting equal exchanges of factors of production and balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas. We will protect farmers’ rights and interests concerning the factors of production, ensure migrant workers receive equal pay for equal work, ensure farmers share equally the gains from added value of land, and ensure financial institutions’ rural deposits are allocated mainly for agricultural and rural use. We will improve the system of supporting and protecting agriculture, reform the system of subsidizing agriculture, and improve the system of subsidizing major grain-producing areas. We will improve the agricultural insurance system. We will encourage investment in rural development, and permit enterprises and social organizations to start all kinds of undertakings in rural areas. We will make overall plans for developing urban and rural infrastructure and communities, and promote equitable access to basic public services in urban and rural areas. （23）完善城镇化健康发展体制机制。坚持走中国特色新型城镇化道路，推进以人为核心的城镇化，推动大中小城市和小城镇协调发展、产业和城镇融合发展，促进城镇化和新农村建设协调推进。优化城市空间结构和管理格局，增强城市综合承载能力。 23. Improving the institutions and mechanisms for promoting the sound development of urbanization. We will stick to the path of a new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics, push forward people-oriented urbanization, promote the coordinated development of megacities, mid-sized cities, small cities and small towns, promote the integrated development of industries and cities, and advance urbanization and the building of new rural areas in a coordinated manner. We will improve the urban spatial structure and management pattern, and enhance the urban comprehensive carrying capacity. 推进城市建设管理创新。建立透明规范的城市建设投融资机制，允许地方政府通过发债等多种方式拓宽城市建设融资渠道，允许社会资本通过特许经营等方式参与城市基础设施投资和运营，研究建立城市基础设施、住宅政策性金融机构。完善设市标准，严格审批程序，对具备行政区划调整条件的县可有序改市。对吸纳人口多、经济实力强的镇，可赋予同人口和经济规模相适应的管理权。建立和完善跨区域城市发展协调机制。 We will promote innovation in urban construction management. We will establish a transparent and procedure-based investment and financing mechanism for urban development, allow local governments to expand the channels of financing for urban development by issuing bonds and other means, allow private capital to participate in urban infrastructure investment and operation by franchise and other means, and study the possibility of setting up policy financial institutions for developing urban infrastructure and housing. We will improve the standards for the establishment of cities, strictly follow the examination and approval procedures, and upgrade counties qualified for administrative division adjustment into cities in an orderly manner. We will grant towns with large immigrant populations and great economic strength the right of jurisdiction in line with their population and economic size. We will establish and improve a trans-regional urban development coordination mechanism. 推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步把符合条件的农业转移人口转为城镇居民。创新人口管理，加快户籍制度改革，全面放开建制镇和小城市落户限制，有序放开中等城市落户限制，合理确定大城市落户条件，严格控制特大城市人口规模。稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，把进城落户农民完全纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系，在农村参加的养老保险和医疗保险规范接入城镇社保体系。建立财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制，从严合理供给城市建设用地，提高城市土地利用率。 We will help the eligible population to move away from agriculture and become urban residents. We will introduce new population management methods, accelerate the reform of household registration system, completely lift restrictions on new residence registration in administrative townships and small cities, relax restrictions on new residence registration in medium-sized cities in an orderly manner, lay down appropriate conditions for new residence registration in large cities, and strictly control the population size of megacities. We will steadily make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in cities, and incorporate farmers who have registered as urban residents into the urban housing and social security network, and make sure their previous subscription to old-age insurance and medical insurance in the countryside continues in the urban social security system. We will establish a mechanism dovetailing fiscal transfer payment with the urbanized agricultural population, provide land for urban development with reasonable restrictions, and increase urban land use efficiency.
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发表于 2014-5-27 15:56:39
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