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(2017年月日第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过) 目录 第一章基本规定 第二章自然人 第一节民事权利能力和民事行为能力 第二节监护 第三节宣告失踪和宣告死亡 第四节个体工商户和农村承包经营户 第三章法人 第一节一般规定 第二节营利法人 第三节非营利法人 第四节特别法人 第四章非法人组织 第五章民事权利 第六章民事法律行为 第一节一般规定 第二节意思表示 第三节民事法律行为的效力 第四节民事法律行为的附条件和附期限 第七章代理 第一节一般规定 第二节委托代理 第三节代理终止 第八章民事责任 第九章诉讼时效 第十章期间计算 第十一章附则 General Rules on the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China (Adopted on March 15, 2017 at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People's Congress) 燭able of Contents 燙hapter 1: Basic Provisions 燙hapter 2: Natural Persons 燬ection 1: Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conducts 燬ection 2: Guardianship 燬ection 3: Declarations of Missing Persons and Declarations of Death of Persons 燬ection 4: Individual Businesses and Leaseholding Farm Households 燙hapter 3: Legal Persons 燬ection 1: General Provisions 燬ection 2: For-profit Legal Persons 燬ection 3: Non-profit Legal Persons 燬ection 4: Special Legal Persons 燙hapter 4: Non-legal-person Organizations 燙hapter 5: Civil Rights 燙hapter 6: Civil Juristic Acts 燬ection 1: General Provisions 燬ection 2: Expression of Intention 燬ection 3: Effectiveness of Civil Juristic Acts 燬ection 4: Conditions and Time Limit Attached to a Civil Juristic Act 燙hapter 7: Agency 燬ection 1: General Provisions 燬ection 2: Entrusted Agency 燬ection 3: Expiry of Agency 燙hapter 8: Civil Liability 燙hapter 9: Limitation of Actions 燙hapter 10: Calculation of Time Periods 燙hapter 11: Supplementary Provisions 第一章基本规定 Chapter 1: Basic Provisions 第一条 为了保护民事主体的合法权益,调整民事关系,维护社会和经济秩序,适应中国特色社会主义发展要求,弘扬社会主义核心价值观,根据 宪法,制定本法。 Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of civil subjects, regulate civil relations, maintain the social and economic order, meet the requirements of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and carry forward socialist core values. 第二条 民法调整平等主体的自然人、法人和非法人组织之间的人身关系和财产关系。 Article 2 The civil law regulates personal relations and property relations between natural persons, legal persons, and non-legal-person organizations which are civil subjects of equal status. 第三条 民事主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他合法权益受法律保护,任何组织或者个人不得侵犯。 Article 3 The personal rights, property rights and other lawful rights and interests of civil subjects are protected by law, and shall not be infringed upon by any organization or individual. 第四条 民事主体在民事活动中的法律地位一律平等。 Article 4 All civil subjects enjoy the equal legal status in civil activities. 第五条 民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循自愿原则,按照自己的意思设立、变更、终止民事法律关系。 Article 5 Civil subjects shall carry out civil activities according to the principle of voluntariness, and establish, change and terminate civil legal relations by their own free will. 第六条 民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循公平原则,合理确定各方的权利和义务。 Article 6 Civil subjects shall carry out civil activities according to the principle of fairness, and reasonably determine the rights and obligations of all parties involved. 第七条 民事主体从事民事活动,应当遵循诚信原则,秉持诚实,恪守承诺。 Article 7 Civil subjects shall carry out civil activities according to the principle of good faith, uphold honesty and honor commitments. 第八条 民事主体从事民事活动,不得违反法律,不得违背公序良俗。 Article 8 When carrying out civil activities, civil subjects shall neither violate laws nor public order and morals. 第九条 民事主体从事民事活动,应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。 Article 9 Civil subjects shall carry out civil activities in a way that is conducive to saving resources and protecting the ecological environment. 第十条 处理民事纠纷,应当依照法律;法律没有规定的,可以适用习惯,但是不得违背公序良俗。 Article 10 Civil disputes shall be resolved in accordance with the law. In the absence of relevant laws, the disputes may be resolved using common practices, provided that public order and morals shall not be violated. 第十一条 其他法律对民事关系有特别规定的,依照其规定。 Article 11 Where other laws have specific stipulations on civil relations, such stipulations shall apply. 第十二条 中华人民共和国领域内的民事活动，适用中华人民共和国法律。法律另有规定的，依照其规定。 Article 12 The laws of the People's Republic of China shall apply to civil activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise stipulated by the laws of the People's Republic of China. 第二章自然人 第一节民事权利能力和民事行为能力 Chapter 2: Natural Persons 燬ection 1: Capacity for Civil Rights and Capacity for Civil Conducts 第十三条 自然人从出生时起到死亡时止,具有民事权利能力,依法享有民事权利,承担民事义务。 Article 13 A natural person, from the time of his birth until his death, has the capacity for civil rights, and shall enjoy civil rights and fulfill civil obligations in accordance with the law. 第十四条 自然人的民事权利能力一律平等。 Article 14 All natural persons are equal as regards their capacity for civil rights. 第十五条 自然人的出生时间和死亡时间,以出生证明、死亡证明记载的时间为准;没有出生证明、死亡证明的,以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的,以该证据证明的时间为准。 Article 15 With regard to a natural person, the time of his birth shall be the time recorded in his birth certificate and the time of his death shall be the time recorded in his death certificate; in the absence of birth certificate or death certificate, the time of his birth or the time of his death recorded in his household registration or other valid identity registration shall be deemed valid. Where there is other evidence sufficient to invalidate the aforesaid records of time, the time stated in such evidence shall prevail. 第十六条 涉及遗产继承、接受赠与等胎儿利益保护的,胎儿视为具有民事权利能力。但是胎儿娩出时为死体的,其民事权利能力自始不存在。 Article 16 In cases involving the protection of fetal rights and interests, such as inheritance rights and acceptance of gifts, the fetus shall be deemed to have the capacity for civil rights. However, in the case of a stillborn baby, there should be no capacity for civil rights thereof from the beginning. 第十七条 十八周岁以上的自然人为成年人。不满十八周岁的自然人为未成年人。 Article 17 Natural persons aged 18 or above shall be adults. Natural persons under the age of 18 shall be minors. 第十八条 成年人为完全民事行为能力人,可以独立实施民事法律行为。 十六周岁以上的未成年人,以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的,视为完全民事行为能力人。 Article 18 Adults shall be persons with full capacity for civil conducts, who may carry out civil juristic acts independently. 燗 minor who has reached the age of 16 may be considered as a person with full capacity for civil conducts if his own labor income is his main source of livelihood. 第十九条 八周岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人,实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认,但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力相适应的民事法律行为。 Article 19 A minor who has reached eight years of age shall be considered as a person having limited capacity for civil conducts, and his civil juristic acts shall be represented by his agent ad litem or be subject to the consent or ratification by his agent ad litem, provided that he may independently carry out pure profit civil juristic acts or civil juristic acts that are appropriate to his age and intelligence. 第二十条 不满八周岁的未成年人为无民事行为能力人,由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。 Article 20 A minor who is under the age of eight shall be considered as a person with no capacity for civil conducts, and thus shall be represented by his agent ad litem in civil juristic activities. 第二十一条 不能辨认自己行为的成年人为无民事行为能力人,由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。 八周岁以上的未成年人不能辨认自己行为的,适用前款规定。 Article 21 An adult who is unable to recognize his own conducts shall be considered as a person having no capacity for civil conducts and shall be represented by his agent ad litem in civil juristic activities. 燱ith regard to minors who are above eight years of age and are unable to recognize their own conducts, provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply. 第二十二条 不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人为限制民事行为能力人,实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认,但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。
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