22年对外经济贸易大学MTI专业357强化班第一课时(含导学规划及经典例句讲解)
大家好,我是贸大的Sophia学姐。很荣幸受到惠园教育的邀请来为大家讲解MTI专业357强化班第一课时,这节课是咱们的英语翻译基础导学课,主要是给大家介绍一下到现阶段我们应该学到什么程度,或应该采取什么方法进行下一阶段的复习,并针对一些经典例句进行了讲解。(一)复习规划在强化巩固阶段,大家的翻译练习强度要保证在4-6h,因为现阶段可以大幅提升翻译能力,所以需要大量练习来巩固技巧,在这里给大家推荐几本翻译时常练习的参考书。第一个是CATTI的真题,CATTI的三笔和二笔的难度跟MTI比较相近。而且这类文本在CATTI中考得也比较多。 第二是MTI的真题,虽然我们是考贸大的,但是我不建议大家仅仅局限于贸大的真题,可以去做一些其他院校的,比如说像西外、大连外国语等等,他们MTI的真题都跟贸大有相似之处。而且,我建议大家不要把翻译的路走得太窄,尽量多个题型都练习一下,不要只练习贸大比较喜欢考的政经,大家也可以练习其他的散文类或者是文化类的。只不过比例会有所偏颇,大概是八比二,大部分练政经,小部分练一些偏文化类的。那为什么要这样做呢?因为真题考什么是很难琢磨的,所以大家要做好一个准备,不要走得太死,多接触一点是对我们有好处的。 第三,非常推荐韩刚老师的九十天系列。韩刚老师的翻译质量是非常高的,在强化阶段使用是非常适合的,但如果是入门的话我不建议使用。在强化阶段大家可以每天做书上的一小段,在做的时候很可能会觉得难以达到这种水平,但是只要每天保持练习都是会有进步的。 建议词条花2h左右即可。词条分为贸大比较喜欢考的政经类和时事类,还有大家没有办法准备到的,这就是要靠自己平时积累。政经类就是经济学词条,这部分重在理解,大家只要能够理解下来并能用自己的话说出来就可以。在这里给大家推荐几个能够帮助我们理解的公众号:第一财经、混知财经、CrashCourse(b站)。时事类可以跟着China Daily,到十一月份时会出一个全年时事热点词条课程。对于政工,我建议大家背里面的词条,需要大家提炼一下政工里面的词条,今天我们也会讲政工,会把里面比较重要的词条和翻译方法拎出来讲。真题是非常重要的。我们没有必要背经济学词条的具体解释,但是真题词条是我背的比较多的,关键词如何连成句子我也练习过很多遍。因为真题每一年都会重复考,可以从现在开始整理真题词条,然后在十月份、十一月份复习一下。《红宝书》词条分类是偏向于增加知识面的,因为《红宝书》的内容非常全面,很难说把它都看完都背过,所以大家一定要摆正心态。词条这部分不要求全、求难,每天做一个积累即可。如果大家学有余力可以把外刊上的词条和阅读中碰到的内容做一个积累。(二)怎么做有效联系练习?空行是因为我会把错误的表达进行订正,写上正确的表达。总结是我每天花的时间最多也是最有用的一个部分,可以靠这一块来提高自己的译文,大家可以把阅读里的词汇等输入到ANKI软件时时复习。在做汉译英时的技巧:在联系前可以先查阅一下相关资料,打通背景知识造成的障碍;计时练习;整理表达;总结技巧,每周复盘; (三)阅卷维度(根据CATTI)误译、漏译每处扣2分严重误译(观点错误)每处扣5分用词欠准、欠妥或错别字每处扣1分文理不通顺或语句不连贯每处扣2分逻辑不通每处扣2分语法:时态 单复数 冠词 介词 词组搭配 (四)改错中国政府正努力扩大内需和改善人们生活水平。(The)Chinese government is trying to boost domestic demand(固定搭配) and provide a higher quality of life for its citizen(s).还有5亿人没有使用过互联网。There are still 500 million people haven't(改为don’t) accessed(搭配错误) to the Internet.*access sth. 作及物动词;have/gain access to同理:lack sth.; a/the lack of sth. (五)背景知识背景知识不足,违反专业、官方或者约定俗成的翻译中国梦the Chinese dream可支配收入disposable income新冠病毒 the novel(new) coronavirus/COVID-19/the COVID-19 pandemic语言细节标点符号、数字、字母大小写等“十三五”计划(词条解释)the 13th Five-Year Plan中国在2015年实施了“中国制造2025”战略。In 2015 China implemented the “Made in China 2025”(省略引号)strategy。(英文句号) (六)典型例句1.中国市场展现出惊人的发展潜力。(show/exhibit/demonstrate/showcase)The Chinese market demonstrates impressive growth potential.2.十世纪初期,北京成为辽代的第二个都城。In the early 10th century,Beijing became the second capital of the Liao Dynasty.(晚期:late;朝代前一定要加the)3.中国已经完成了从中央计划经济向市场经济的转变。China has shifted from a centrally planned (economy) to a market-based economy/market economy.(shift from A to B)4.中国市场展现出惊人的发展潜力。The Chinese market demonstrates impressive growth potential.5.十世纪初期,北京成为辽代的第二个都城。In the early 10th century,Beijing became the second capital of the Liao Dynasty.6.中国已经完成了从中央计划经济向市场经济的转变。China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market-based economy.7.改革开放(一件永远进行的事)以来,人们的生产生活方式发生了重大变化。Since the introduction(start) of reform and opening up,the way people live and work has changed dramatically.8.生产与消费production and consumption9.到2020年,全国60岁以上老年人口将增加到2.55亿人左右。By 2020,the number of people aged over 60 will increase to 255 million.By 2020,the number of people aged over 60 is expected to increase to 255 million.(一般现在时表将来;区别increase to增加到和increase by增加了)10.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world created by human beings/humans/mankind/humanity.11. 这些家长开始积极支持孩子学习中国文化。These parents began to encourage their kids to learn Chinese culture.12.2010年,大学生人数达到了3000万。In 2010(过去时),the number of college students reached 30 million.(higher education/secondary education 中等教育/primary education 初等教育/preschool education 学前教育)13.低碳经济越来越引起世界各国的关注。The low-carbon economy attracts(has attracted) growing attention of countries around the world.循环经济 the circular economy 全称为资源循环型经济:以资源节约和循环利用为特征与环境和谐的经济发展模式。数字经济 the digital economy实体经济 the real economy地摊经济 street vending/the store economy虚拟经济 the virtual economy14.为了减少碳排放,中国政府出台了很多措施。The Chinese government has adopted many measures to reduce carbon emissions(指碳排放量).15.“出台/推出/实施/落实”The new law was introduced in 1991.The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions.The company plans to roll out the scheme across Europe in the coming months.The government is planning to launch a scheme to guide consumers.16.楼上住着一位女工。(伪主语)There lives a woman worker upstairs(作状语).17.在新的历史时期,要继续发扬优良文化传统。In the new/historical era/age/period,we need(增加主语) to carry on our extraordinary/fine cultural traditions.“发扬/传承/继承/弘扬”Our goal has been to carry forward this legacy for a new century.It is our task to keep alive/carry on the tradition.18.无主句的处理使用被动句或there be句型19.禁止打架斗殴Fighting is prohibited.20.已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。Measures have been taken to prevent the rapid spread of the epidemic.(endemic 地方;epidemic在国内;pandemic 在国际上的).21.很多问题亟待解决。Many problems have to be solved immediately.There are many problems to be solved immediately.22.至于环保,人还存在不少问题。There are still many problems in terms of (在……方面)environmental protection.Many problems still exist(不及物动词)in terms of environmental protection.23.伪主语的处理我英语不好。-My English is poor.-I can not speak fluent English.中国的富强与发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。A more prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to(对……构成威胁) any countries.天柱县总面积2201平方公里,总人口41万余人(有隶属关系)。CATTI三笔真题Tianzhu County covers 2,201 square kilometers and has more than 410,000 residents.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,人口多,底子薄,经济发展不平衡。(背过)China is the world’s largest developing country,with a large population,a weak economic foundation and unbalanced development.(with A,B and C)24.发展中国家 developing countries the Global South发达国家developed countries the Global North最不发达国家the least developed countries / the LDC南南合作 South-South cooperation南北合作 South-North cooperation25.逻辑关系的区分外面雨下得瓢泼似的,我们只好呆在家里。Because the rain was heavy,we had to stay at home.(体现出因果关系)在政府和人民的共同努力,教育取得了历史性的成就。With(Due to) the joint efforts of both the government and the people(people’s指民族),historic achievements have been made in education.西安拥有众多令人惊叹的历史遗迹,每年吸引着数百万的游客。With many impressive historical sites,Xi'an attracts millions of tourists every year.(用 with 结构表示重心)中国人使用筷子的历史可追溯到商代,距今已有三千多年。The history of chopsticks in China dates back to (go back to/date from 没有被动,没有过去时)the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago.这座城市拥有超过200家私人园林,其中一些至今仍然保存良好。The city is home to/has more than 200 private gardens,some of which(定语从句) are still well preserved today.成本低廉,拍摄过程简单,这使得很多艺术家喜欢微电影。Many artists like micro films which can be produced easily and at a low cost.(定语从句可以表达逻辑)中国对外贸易额年均增长14.5%,为世界经济注入持久动力(结果)。China's international trade(本身就可指贸易额) has grown at an annual rate of 14.5%,injecting lasting momentum for the world economy.黄河流域是中华文明最主要的发源地,被称为“母亲河”。(有因果关系)Since it is the most important cradle of Chinese civilization,the Yellow River is known as“the Mother River of China”.中国人口数量达到14亿(事实),是世界上口最多的国家(评论)。With 1.4 billion people,China is the world's most populous country.中国有14亿人口,拥有世界上最大的消费市场。With a population of 1.4 billion,China is the world's largest consumer market.长江全长6300公里(事实),是中国以及亚洲最长的河流(评论)。The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and Asia as well,with a length of 6,300 kilometers.要全面建成惠及14亿人口的小康社会,还有很长的路要走(there is still a long way to go)。Much work remains to be done to build a well-off society in all respects that benefits 1.4 billion people.这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高,也提供更多的就业机会。It has led to a better quality of life for many people,and provided more job opportunities.26.“......的窗口”这为我提供了了解人们生活方式的有趣窗口。It gave me an intriguing window into/on the way people live.上海是中国大陆最大的商业和金融中心,被称为中国快速经济增长的窗口。Shanghai is the largest center of commerce and finance on the China’s mainland/Chinese mainland and is called/recognized/described as a window into/on China’s rapid economic growth.·总结(英文) (中文)词汇 有形态变化 无形态变化句式 严格 灵活逻辑 关联词 语境理解 ·备考推荐资料-红宝书
最后向大家推荐红宝书这个资料,上面的知识点整理很清晰,都是我针对考研总结的一些经验,尽量避免大家走弯路,为后期备考节省更多时间。如果大家还想要了解更多的考研资讯,可以联系我们的课程顾问:15311640789(同微信)。
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