双语：重要时政词语表达汉英选译（一）
过去一年是全面贯彻党的十九大精神开局之年。The year 2018 was the first year for putting the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully into effect.
是本届政府依法履职的第一年。
It was also this government’s first to perform, in accordance with law, the functions of office.
我国发展面临多年少有的国内外复杂严峻形势，经济出现新的下行压力。
In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years, and its economy came under new downward pressure.
在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，砥砺奋进，攻坚克难。
Under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, forged ahead and overcame difficulties.
决胜全面建成小康社会取得新的重大进展。
In building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we made major progress toward a decisive victory.
经济运行保持在合理区间。
The main economic indicators were kept within an appropriate range.
经济增速与用电、货物等实物量指标相匹配。
Economic growth matched electricity consumption, freight transport, and other indicators.
国际收支基本平衡。
In the balance of payments, a basic equilibrium was maintained.
近14亿人口的发展中大国，实现了比较充分就业。
As a big developing country with a population close to 1.4 billion, we have attained relatively full employment.
经济结构不断优化。
Economic structure was further improved.
高技术产业、装备制造业增速明显快于一般工业。
Growth in high-tech industries and equipment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries.
质量和效益继续提升。
The quality and returns of growth continued to improve.
新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业加快转型升级。大众创业万众创新深入推进。
Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide.
市场主体总量超过1亿户
The total number of market entities passing the 100 million mark
新动能正在深刻改变生产生活方式、塑造中国发展新优势。
New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for China’s development.
市场准入负面清单制度全面实行。
The negative list system for market access was put fully into effect.
对外开放全方位扩大。
Opening up was expanded on all fronts.
三大攻坚战开局良好。
The three critical battles got off to a good start.
防范化解重大风险，宏观杠杆率趋于稳定，金融运行总体平稳。
We forestalled and defused major risks. The macro leverage ratio trended toward a stable level; the financial sector was generally stable.
易地扶贫搬迁280万人
2.8 million people assisted through relocation from inhospitable areas
生态文明建设成效显著。
Market achievements were made in ecological conservation.
提高个人所得税起征点，设立6项专项附加扣除。
The threshold for individual income tax was raised and six special additional deductions were created.
资助各类学校家庭困难学生近1亿人次。
Close to 100 million payments were made to assist students from families in financial difficulty, covering all school types.
棚户区住房改造620多万套，农村危房改造190万户。
More than 6.2 million housing units were rebuilt in rundown urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.
我们隆重庆祝改革开放40周年，深刻总结改革开放的伟大成就和宝贵经验，郑重宣示在新时代将改革开放进行到底的坚定决心，激励全国各族人民接续奋斗，再创新的历史伟业。
We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see reform and opening up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements.
回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。
Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.
经济全球化遭遇波折，多边主义受到冲击，国际金融市场震荡，特别是中美经贸摩擦给一些企业生产经营、市场预期带来不利影响。
Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expectations.我们面对的是经济转型阵痛凸显的严峻挑战。
What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation.
新老矛盾交织，周期性、结构性问题叠加，经济运行稳中有变、变中有忧。
An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern.
我们面对的是两难多难问题增多的复杂局面。
What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas.
实现稳增长、防风险等多重目标，完成经济社会发展等多项任务，处理好当前与长远等多种关系，政策抉择和工作推进的难度明显加大。
We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term interests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly.
我国经济发展在高基数上总体平稳、稳重有进。
The Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress.
中国的发展没有过不去的坎。
There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in China’s pursuit of development.
坚持稳重求近工作总基调。
We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability.
统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险
work holistically to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks
稳妥应对中美经贸摩擦。
We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately.
创新和完善宏观调控，经济保持平稳运行。
We developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.
我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激。
We were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies.
保持宏观政策连续性、稳定性。
We maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies.
在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控，主动预调、微调。
As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.
坚持实施积极的财政政策，着力减税降费、补短板调结构。
We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment.
下调增值税税率，扩大享受税收优惠小微企业范围。
We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits.
盘活财政存量资金
put idle budgetary funds to use
坚持实施稳健的货币政策。
We maintained a prudent monetary policy.
多措并举缓解民营和小微企业资金紧张状况
apply a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses
融资成本上升势头得到初步遏制。
Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing.
改革完善房地产市场调控机制
Improve mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market
加强扶贫力量
We strengthened poverty relief capacity.
全面开展蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。
We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free.
优化能源和运输结构。
Energy and transportation structures were upgraded.
全面建立河长制、湖长制。
The system of river chiefs and lake chiefs was established across the country.
实施稳投资举措，制造业投资、民间投资增速明显回升。
Measures were implemented to ensure stable investment; as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly.
取消一批行政许可事项。
A number of government permits were abolished.
清理规范各类涉企收费。
We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses.
深化“互联网+政务服务”。
We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative.
各地探索推广一批有特色的改革举措。
The local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures.
企业和群众办事便利度不断提高。
Both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government services.
创新能力和效率进一步提升
further increase innovation capacity and performance
大力优化创新生态，调动各类创新主体积极性。
We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem to keep innovators of all kinds fully motivated.
强化企业技术创新主体地位。
We strengthened the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation.制定支持双创深入发展的政策措施。
We developed policies and measures to support innovation and business startups.
国有企业优化重组、提质增效取得新进展
make new gains in upgrading and restructuring SOEs and in improving their quality and performance
共有产权住房
home with shared ownership
新媒体
new media
融媒体
integrated media
多媒体
multimedia
全媒体
omnimedia
精准扶贫
targeted poverty alleviation
党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国
the Party as leaders, the people as masters, and law-based governance
中国特色大国外交
pursue diplomacy with our own characteristics as a major country
民族地区
ethnic minority areas
形式主义
the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake / going through the motions
决不能“新官不理旧账”。
New officials must continue to meet the commitment undertaken by their predecessors.
决不允许搞选择性执法、任性执法。
Selective and arbitrary law enforcement is unacceptable.
简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革（“放、管、服”改革）
streamline the government, delegate power, and improve government services
深化供给侧结构性改革，实体经济活力不断释放。加大“破、立、降”力度。
We continued/boosted/bolstered supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy. We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs.
新型城镇化
a new model/type of urbanization
平安中国
a safe and secure China
经济外交、人文交流成果丰硕。
Our economic diplomacy and cultural and people-to-people exchanges yielded rich fruit.
我国经济发展在高基数上总体平稳、稳中有进。
Against a large base, the Chinese economy has achieved generally stable growth while making further progress.
着力稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期
maintain stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations
文化惠民工程
cultural programs in the public interest
红色资源
sites and heritage related to the CPC
深度贫困地区
severely impoverished areasareas of extreme poverty
高质量发展
quality development
高水平开放
raise/drive opening up to a higher level
这次减税，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强发展后劲并考虑财政可持续。
These tax cuts aim at accommodating the interests of companies.
开展项目经费使用“包干制”改革试点
test a lump-sum project-funding scheme
健全激励约束机制和尽职免责机制，营销干部愿干事、敢干事、能干事的环境。
We will improve the mechanisms for offering incentives, imposing constraints, and ensure no one who has fulfilled their duties will be held liable for anything beyond their control. We should create an atmosphere in which officials are eager to try, unafraid to fail, and able to deliver.
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