对外经贸大学-【最新版】宪法中英文
Constitution of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国宪法
(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress and promulgated for implementation by the Announcement of the National People's Congress on December 4, 1982, amended in accordance with the Amendments to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China adopted respectively at the First Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 12, 1988, the First Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 29, 1993, the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 1999, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress on March 14, 2004, and the First Session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress on March 11, 2018)（1982 年 12 月 4 日第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过 1982 年 12 月4 日全国人民代表大会公告公布施行 根据 1988 年 4 月 12 日第七届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》、1993 年 3 月 29 日第八届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》、1999 年 3 月 15 日第九届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》、2004 年 3 月 14 日第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》和2018 年 3 月 11 日第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》修正）
CONTENTS 目录 Preface 序言 CHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLE 第一章 总纲 CHAPTER II THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CITIZENS 第二章 公民的基本权利和义务 CHAPTER III THE STRUCTURE OF THE STATE 第三章 国家机构 SECTION 1 NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS 第一节 全国人民代表大会
SECTION 2 THE PRESIDENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA第二节 中华人民共和国主席
SECTION 3 THE STATE COUNCIL 第三节 国务院
SECTION 4 THE CENTRAL MILITARY COMMISSION 第四节 中央军事委员会
SECTION 5 THE LOCAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESSES AND LOCAL PEOPLE'S GOVERNMENTS AT VARIOUS LEVELS第五节 地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府
SECTION 6 THE ORGANS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS AREAS第六节 民族自治地方的自治机关
SECTION 7 SUPERVISORY COMISSIONS第七节 监察委员会
SECTION 8 THE PEOPLE'S COURTS AND THE PEOPLE'S PROCURATORATES第八节 人民法院和人民检察院
CHAPTER IV THE NATIONAL FLAG, THE NATIONAL ANTHEM, THE NATIONAL EMBLEM, AND THE CAPITAL第四章 国旗、国歌、国徽、首都
Preface序言
China is a country with one of the longest histories in the world. The people of all of China's nationalities have jointly created a culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition.中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。
After 1840, feudal China was gradually turned into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. The Chinese people waged many successive heroic struggles for national independence and liberation and for democracy and freedom.一八四○年以后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地、半封建的国家。中国人民为国家独立、民族解放和民主自由进行了前仆后继的英勇奋斗。
Great and earthshaking historical changes have taken place in China in the 20th century.二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。
The Revolution of 1911, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, abolished the feudal monarchy and gave birth to the Republic of China. But the historic mission of the Chinese people to overthrow imperialism and feudalism remained unaccomplished.一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革 命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民 国。但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。
After waging protracted and arduous struggles, armed and otherwise, along a zigzag course, the Chinese people of all nationalities led by the Communist Party of China with Chairman Mao Zedong as its leader ultimately, in 1949, overthrew the rule of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, won a great victory in the New-Democratic Revolution and founded the People's Republic of China. Since then the Chinese people have taken control of state power and become masters of the country.一九四九年，以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推翻了帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权力，成为国家的主人。
After the founding of the People's Republic, China gradually achieved its transition from a New-Democratic to a socialist society. The socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production has been completed, the system of exploitation of man by man abolished and中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消灭，社
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the socialist system established. The people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants, which is in essence the dictatorship of the proletariat, has been consolidated and developed. The Chinese people and the Chinese People's Liberation Army have defeated imperialist and hegemonist aggression, sabotage and armed provocations and have thereby safeguarded China's national independence and security and strengthened its national defence. Major successes have been achieved in economic development. An independent and relatively comprehensive socialist system of industry has basically been established. There has been a marked increase in agricultural production. Significant advances have been made in educational, scientific and cultural undertakings, while education in socialist ideology has produced noteworthy results. The life of the people has improved considerably. 会主义制度已经确立。工人阶级领导 的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专 政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义、霸权主义的侵略、破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安 全，增强了国防。经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的、比较完整的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。教育、科学、文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成效。广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。
The victory in China's New-Democratic Revolution and the successes in its socialist cause have been achieved by the Chinese people of all nationalities, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, by upholding truth, correcting errors, and surmounting numerous difficulties and hardships. China will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time. The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its effort on socialist modernization along the road of Chinese-style socialism. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the guidance of Marxism- Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in a New Era, the Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, persevere in reform and opening to the outside world, steadily improve socialist institutions, develop the socialist market economy, develop socialist democracy, improve the socialist rule of law, implement new concepts of development, and press forward self-reliantly to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and technology step by step and promote the coordinated development of material, political, spiritual, social, and ecological civilizations to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, powerful, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful and achieve the grand rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。国家的根本任务是，沿着中国特色社会主义道路，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下， 在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，坚持改革开放，不断完善社会主义的各项制度，发展社会主义市场经济，发展社会主义民主，健全社会主义法治，贯彻新发展理念，自力更生，艰苦奋斗，逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，推动物质文明、政治文明、精神文明、社会文明、生态文明协调发展，把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴。
The exploiting classes as such have been abolished in our country. However, class struggle will continue to exist within certain bounds for a long time to come. The Chinese people must fight against those forces and elements, both at home and abroad, that are hostile to China's socialist system and try to undermine it.在我国，剥削阶级作为阶级已经消灭， 但是阶级斗争还将在一定范围内长期存在。中国人民对敌视和破坏我国社会主义制度的国内外的敌对势力和敌对分 子，必须进行斗争。
Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People's Republic of China. It is the inviolable duty of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland. 台湾是中华人民共和国的神圣领土的一部分。完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民的神圣职责。
In building socialism it is essential to rely on workers, farmers, and intellectuals and to unite all forces that can be united. In the long years of revolution, construction, and reform, there has been formed under the leadership of the Communist Party of China a broad patriotic united front composed of the democratic parties and people's organizations and embracing all socialist working people, all builders of socialism, all patriots who support socialism, all patriots who stand for the reunification of the motherland, and all patriots devoted to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This united front will continue to be consolidated and developed. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a broadly based representative organization of the united front, which has played a significant historical role, will play a still more important role in the country's political and social life, in promoting friendship with other countries, and in the struggle for socialist modernization and for the reunification and unity of the country. The system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China will exist and develop for a long time.社会主义的建设事业必须依靠工人、农民和知识分子，团结一切可以团结的力量。在长期的革命、建设、改革过程 中，已经结成由中国共产党领导的，有各民主党派和各人民团体参加的，包括全体社会主义劳动者、社会主义事业的建设者、拥护社会主义的爱国者、拥护祖国统一和致力于中华民族伟大复兴的爱国者的广泛的爱国统一战线，这个统一战线将继续巩固和发展。中国人民政治协商会议是有广泛代表性的统一战线组织，过去发挥了重要的历史作用，今后在国家政治生活、社会生活和对外友好活动中，在进行社会主义现代化建 设、维护国家的统一和团结的斗争中， 将进一步发挥它的重要作用。中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度将长期存在和发展。
The People's Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Socialist relations of equality, solidarity, mutual assistance, and harmony have been established among all nationalities, and will continue to be strengthened. In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nationalities, it is necessary to combat big- nation chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism, and to combat local national chauvinism. The state will do its utmost to promote the common prosperity of all the nationalities.中华人民共和国是全国各族人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。平等团结互助和谐的社会主义民族关系已经确立，并将继续加强。在维护民族团结的斗争 中，要反对大民族主义，主要是大汉族主义，也要反对地方民族主义。国家尽一切努力，促进全国各民族的共同繁 荣。
China's achievements in revolution, construction, and reform are not possible without the support from people all over the world. The future of China is closely linked to the future of the world. China consistently carries out an independent foreign policy, and adheres to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, to the path of peaceful development, and to the reciprocal, win-win, and open strategy in developing diplomatic relations and economic and cultural exchanges with other countries and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. China consistently opposes imperialism, hegemonism, and colonialism, works to strengthen unity with the people of other countries, supports the oppressed nations and the developing countries in their just struggle to win and preserve national independence and develop中国革命、建设、改革的成就是同世界人民的支持分不开的。中国的前途是同世界的前途紧密地联系在一起的。中国坚持独立自主的对外政策，坚持互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处的五项原则，坚持和平发展道路，坚持互利共赢开放战略，发展同各国的外交关系和经济、文化交流，推动构建人类命运共同体；坚持反对帝国主义、霸权主义、殖民主义，加强同世界各国人民的团结， 支持被压迫民族和发展中国家争取和维护民族独立、发展民族经济的正义斗 争，为维护世界和平和促进人类进步事
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