本公约各当事国，鉴于条约在国际关系历史上之基本地位，承认条约为国际法渊源之一，且为各国间不分 宪法及社会制度发展和平合作之工具，其重要性日益增加，鉴悉自由同意与善意之原则以及条约必须遵守规则乃举世所承认，确认凡关于条约之争端与其他国际争端同，皆应以和平方法且依正义及国际法之原则解决之，念及联合国人民同兹决心创造适当环境俾克维持正义及尊重由条约而起之义务，鉴及 联合国宪章所载之国际法原则，诸如人民平等权利及自决，所有国家主权平等及独立，不干涉各国内政，禁止使用威胁或武力以及普遍尊重与遵守全体人类之人权及基本自由等原则。 深信本公约所达成之条约法之编纂及逐渐发展可促进宪章所揭示之联合国宗旨，即维持国际和平与安全，发展国际间之友好关系并达成其彼此合作，确认凡未经本公约各条规定之问题，将仍以国际习惯法规则为准，爰议定条款如下: 燭HE STATES PARTIES TO THE PRESENT CONVENTION, 燙ONSIDERING the fundamental role of treaties in the history of international relations, 燫ECOGNIZING the ever-increasing importance of treaties as a source of international law and as a means of developing peaceful co-operation among nations, whatever their constitutional and social systems, 燦OTING that the principles of free consent and of good faith and the pacta sunt servanda rule are universally recognized, 燗FFIRMING that disputes concerning treaties, like other international disputes, should be settled by peaceful means and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, 燫ECALLING the determination of the peoples of the United Nations to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties can be maintained, 燞AVING IN MIND the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations, such as the principles of the equal rights and self-determination of peoples, of the sovereign equality and independence of all States, of non-interference in the domestic affairs of States, of the prohibition of the threat or use of force and of universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, 燘ELIEVING that the codification and progressive development of the law of treaties achieved in the present Convention will promote the purposes of the United Nations set forth in the Charter, namely, the maintenance of international peace and security, the development of friendly relations and the achievement of co-operation among nations, 燗FFIRMING that the rules of customary international law will continue to govern questions not regulated by the provisions of the present Convention, 燞AVE AGREED as follows: 第一编导言 Part I: Introduction 第一条 本公约之范围 本公约适用于国家间之条约。 Article 1 Scope of the present Convention 燭he present Convention applies to treaties between States. 第二条 用语 一、就适用本公约而言: a)称“条约”者,谓国家间所缔结而以国际法为准之国际书面协定,不论其载于一项单独文书或两项以上相互有关之文书内,亦不论其特定名称如何; b)称“批准”,“接受”,“赞同”及“加入”者,各依本义指一国据以在国际上确定其同意受条约拘束之国际行为; c)称“全权证书”者,谓一国主管当局所颁发,指派一人或数人代表该国谈判,议定或认证条约约文,表示该国同意受条约拘束,或完成有关条约之任何其他行为之文件; d)称“保留”者,谓一国于签署,批准、接受、赞同或加入条约时所做之片面声明,不论措辞或名称如何,其目的在摒除或更改条约中若干规定对该国适用时之法律效果; e)称“谈判国”者,谓参与草拟及议定条约约文之国家; f)称“缔约国”者,谓不问条约已未生效,同意受条约拘束之国家; g)称“当事国”者,谓同意承受条约拘束及条约对其有效之国家; h)称“第三国”者,谓非条约当事国之国家; i)称“国际组织”者,谓政府间之组织。 二、第一项关于本公约内各项用语之规定不妨碍此等用语,在任何国家国内法上之使用或所具有之意义。 Article 2 Use of terms . For the purposes of the present Convention: a) "treaty" means an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation; b) "ratification", "acceptance", "approval" and "accession" mean in each case the international act so named whereby a State establishes on the international plane its consent to be bound by a treaty; c) "full powers" means a document emanating from the competent authority of a State designating a person or persons to represent the State for negotiating, adopting or authenticating the text of a treaty, for expressing the consent of the State to be bound by a treaty, or for accomplishing any other act with respect to a treaty; d) "reservation" means a unilateral statement, however phrased or named, made by a State, when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to modify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to that State; e) "negotiating State" means a State which took part in the drawing up and adoption of the text of the treaty; f) "contracting State" means a State which has consented to be bound by the treaty, whether or not the treaty has entered into force; g) "party" means a State which has consented to be bound by the treaty and for which the treaty is in force; h) "third State" means a State not a party to the treaty; i) "international organization" means an intergovernmental organization. . The provisions of paragraph 1 regarding the use of terms in the present Convention are without prejudice to the use of those terms or to the meanings which may be given to them in the internal law of any State. 第三条 不属本公约范围之国际协定 本公约不适用于国家与其他国际法主体间所缔结之国际协定或此种其他国际法主体间之国际协定或非书面国际协定,此一事实并不影响: a)此类协定之法律效力; b)本公约所载任何规则之依照国际法而毋须基于本公约原应适用于此类协定者,对于此类协定之适用; c)本公约之适用于国家间以亦有其他国际法主体为其当事者之国际协定为根据之彼此关系。 Article 3 International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention 燭he fact that the present Convention does not apply to international agreements concluded between the States and other subjects of international law or between such other subjects of international law, or to international agreements not in written form, shall not affect: a) the legal force of such agreements; b) the application to them of any of the rules set forth in the present Convention to which they would be subject under international law independently of the Convention; c) the application of the Convention to the relations of States as between themselves under international agreements to which other subjects of international law are also parties. 第四条 本公约不溯既往 以不妨碍本公约所载任何规则之依国际法而毋须基于本公约原应适用于条约者之适用为限,本公约仅对各国于本公约对各该国生效后所缔约之条约适用之。 Article 4 Non-retroactivity of the present Convention 燱ithout prejudice to the application of any rules set forth in the present Convention to which treaties would be subject under international law independently of the Convention, the Convention applies only to treaties which are concluded by States after the entry into force of the present Convention with regard to such States. 第五条 组成国际组织之条约及在一国际组织内议定之条约 本公约适用于为一国际组织组织约章之任何条约及在一国际组织内议定之任何条约，但对该组织任何有关规则并无妨碍。 Article 5 Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization 燭he present Convention applies to any treaty which is the constituent instrument of an international organization and to any treaty adopted within an international organization without prejudice to any relevant rules of the organization. 第二编条约之缔结及生效 第一节条约之缔结 Part II: Conclusion and Entry into Force of Treaties 燬ection 1: Conclusion of Treaties 第六条 国家缔结条约之能力 每一国家皆有缔结条约之能力。 Article 6 Capacity of States to conclude treaties 燛very State possesses capacity to conclude treaties. 第七条 全权证书 一、任一人员如有下列情况之一,视为代表一国议定或认证条约约文或表示该国承受条约拘束之同意: a)出具适当之全权证书;或 b)由于有关国家之惯例或由于其他情况可见其此等国家之意思系认为该人员为此事代表该国而可免除全权证书。 二、下列人员由于所任职务毋须出具全权证书,视为代表其国家: a)国家元首,政府首长及外交部长,为实施关于缔结条约之一切行为; b)使馆馆长,为议定派遣国与驻在国间条约约文; c)国家派往国际会议或派驻国际组织或该国际组织一机关之代表,为议定在该会议,组织或机关内议定之条约约文。
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